1、 Leaf difference

Polygonatum leaves are whorled, 4 to 6 in each round, in a strip lanceolate shape, 8 to 15 cm long and about 6 to 16 mm wide. The front end of the leaves is bent into a hook

Rehmannia leaves generally form a rosette at the base of the stem. The leaves are oval to long oval, green above, purplish or purplish red below, 2 to 13 cm long and 1 to 6 cm wide, with irregular round teeth or blunt serrations at the edge

2、 Flower difference

The inflorescence of Polygonatum is usually 2 to 4, umbelliform, with a total stem of 1 to 2 cm long and a pedicel of 4 to 10 mm long. The petals of the flowers are milky white or light yellow, with a total length of 9 to 12 mm. The bracts of the flowers are membranous, subulate or strip lanceolate

Rehmannia glutinosa is slightly arranged into racemes at the top of the stem, or all are solitary in the leaf axils, scattered on the stem, the corolla tube is arched, the outside is purplish red, the corolla has 5 lobes, the apex is slightly blunt or slightly concave, the inside is yellow and the outside is purplish red