Introduction

Infrared light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is invisible to the human eye. However, it is important to note that plants can detect and use infrared light in photosynthesis. This article will explore how infrared light affects plant growth and whether it is beneficial for plants.

What is Infrared Light?

Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light but shorter wavelengths than radio waves. Infrared radiation is divided into three categories: near, mid, and far-infrared, depending on their wavelengths. Infrared is essential in maintaining the temperature of the earth; for instance, the sun emits infrared radiation, which Earth's atmosphere absorbs, and then re-radiates it back into the atmosphere.

How Do Plants Use Infrared Light?

Plant leaves have pigments called chlorophyll that absorb light energy from the visible spectrum of light. However, chlorophyll does not absorb all wavelengths of light, and infrared radiation allows the plant to trap more light to support photosynthesis. The plant's chloroplasts contain specialized molecules called antenna pigments, which absorb the infrared radiation and transfer the energy to chlorophyll. Infrared radiation also penetrates deeper into the plant's canopy, providing energy to even the lowest leaves that do not receive direct sunlight.

The Effects of Infrared Light on Plants

Several studies suggest that infrared radiation can increase plant growth and yield. For example, one study found that plants grown under LED lights enriched in red and far-red wavelengths had higher biomass and a better photosynthetic rate. Infrared radiation also increases the efficiency of photosynthesis, leading to a higher production of energy in the plant. It also promotes plant germination, flowering, and the production of pigments like anthocyanin, which contributes to the red, blue, and purple colors of plants.

Is Infrared Light Good for All Plants?

While infrared radiation stimulates the growth of most plants, its effectiveness varies among plant species. Some plants, especially those grown in a warmer climate, may not require additional infrared radiation, as they get enough natural radiation from the sun. Conversely, crops grown in greenhouses, where light is often limited, are more likely to benefit from supplemental infrared radiation. Additionally, plants grown for specific purposes may require different ratios of infrared radiation to other wavelengths, depending on the growth phase of the plant.

Conclusion

Infrared light plays a critical role in plant growth and development. It is an essential component of photosynthesis, increases energy efficiency, and improves germination, flowering, and pigment production. While most plants will benefit from additional infrared radiation, the effectiveness varies among plant species, and some may not require additional infrared radiation. As such, understanding the specific needs of the plant is crucial in determining whether infrared radiation is sufficient or needs to be supplemented for optimal growth and yield.