Introduction

Plastic mulch is a type of covering that is laid over the soil to trap moisture, control weed growth, and keep the soil warm. It has become popular in agriculture because it helps improve crop yields and reduces the amount of water needed for irrigation. However, many farmers are unsure about how much water is required per plant under plastic mulch.

The Importance of Water for Plant Growth

Water is essential for plant growth as it helps transport nutrients from the soil to the various parts of the plant. It also aids in the process of photosynthesis, which is how plants produce energy from sunlight. Furthermore, water helps regulate the temperature of the plant and prevents it from overheating.

The Effect of Plastic Mulch on Water Requirements

When plastic mulch is used, it can reduce the amount of water required for irrigation. This is because the mulch traps moisture and prevents it from evaporating, keeping the soil moist for longer periods. In some cases, it has been found that plastic mulch can reduce water requirements by up to 50%. However, the actual amount of water required will depend on several factors, including the type of crop being grown, the climate, and the soil type.

Calculating Water Requirements

The amount of water required per plant under plastic mulch will vary depending on the crop being grown. For example, lettuce and tomatoes require more water than peppers and squash. To calculate how much water is needed, farmers can use the following formula:

Water requirement per plant = evapotranspiration (ET) rate x crop coefficient (Kc)

The ET rate is the amount of water lost through evaporation and transpiration, and the crop coefficient takes into account the crop's water requirements. Both of these factors can be determined by consulting local weather data and crop guides.

Tips for Efficient Irrigation Under Plastic Mulch

While plastic mulch can reduce water requirements, it is still important to use water efficiently. Here are some tips:

Use a drip irrigation system instead of overhead sprinklers to minimize water loss through evaporation.

Irrigate in the early morning or late afternoon to avoid water loss due to evaporation during the hottest part of the day.

Use soil moisture sensors to determine when irrigation is necessary, rather than relying on a set schedule.

Apply water slowly and evenly to avoid water runoff or puddling.

Conclusion

Plastic mulch can be an effective way to reduce water requirements in agriculture. However, determining how much water is required per plant under plastic mulch will depend on several factors, including the crop being grown and the climate. To use water efficiently, farmers should consider using a drip irrigation system, irrigating at the right time of day, and monitoring soil moisture levels.