Introduction

Water is an essential component for the growth and development of all living organisms, and plants are no exception. In this article, we will explore why water is necessary for plant survival, the various functions of water in plants, and the consequences of water deficiency.

Water for basic survival

Water is the main component of plant cells, accounting for more than 90 percent of their weight. Unlike animals, plants cannot move to seek water, and they must rely on water absorption from the soil. Water is necessary for basic plant growth and survival, as it is involved in key physiological processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants create their food using water, carbon dioxide, and light. Water is the primary source of electrons for photosynthesis and provides oxygen as a byproduct. Without access to water, plant photosynthesis stops, and plants eventually die.

Respiration

Respiration is the conversion of stored food into energy for cell activities. Water is essential for respiration as it is a reactant in the process that breaks down glucose. Without water, plants lose their energy reserves, and growth and development slow down.

Transpiration

Transpiration is the evaporation of water from the plant leaves through small pores called stomata. This process causes a 'pull' that forces water and minerals up the plant's vascular tissue, known as the xylem. It is necessary for transporting nutrients and maintaining the plant's structure, and water-absorbing roots play a crucial role in this process.

Consequences of water deficiency

Water deficiency or drought can significantly affect plant growth and survival. Low water levels result in lower photosynthesis rates, reduced energy production, and lower nutrient absorption. This condition causes wilting of the leaves, fragile roots, and ultimately, death in severe cases.

Conclusion

In conclusion, water is a vital component for plant growth and survival. Without it, the fundamental processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration are hampered, leading to stunted growth and ultimately death. Therefore, it is essential to ensure plants have access to sufficient water to maintain their health and growth.