Why can some plants grow in water?

Plants are known to grow in soil, as that is the most common medium for their growth. However, some plants are known to thrive in water, be it in a natural or artificial environment. So, why can some plants grow in water? Let’s find out.

Adaptation to aquatic environment

Some plants have adapted to living in aquatic environments over time, which has allowed them to absorb nutrients and oxygen from the water. For instance, aquatic plants such as water lilies have a specialized set of leaves that help them float on the water's surface and absorb sunlight for photosynthesis. They also have specialized roots that help them to absorb water and nutrients from the water, similar to how terrestrial plants absorb nutrients from soil. These unique adaptations have made it possible for water plants to grow and survive in water.

Hydroponics

Hydroponics is a popular method of growing plants in water without soil. Hydroponics involves growing plants in nutrient-rich water solutions, providing all the necessary nutrients and minerals required for plant growth. This method allows plants to grow at a faster rate than traditional soil-based methods, and they can be grown in unique environments, including indoors under artificial light. Hydroponics is also an excellent method for growing crops in urban areas where outdoor farming areas are limited or unavailable.

Air-filled cavities in the stem

Another way that plants can grow in water is by having air-filled cavities in their stems, which allow them to float and take in nutrients from the water. For example, the Water Hyacinth has a closed leaf that is extremely water-resistant, meaning it can float on top of the water. This plant has hollow roots that absorb oxygen from the water and help it float while taking in the necessary nutrients. Since water hyacinths grow rapidly, they can help to control algae growth and provide shelter and food for certain aquatic animals.

Conclusion

Plants are fascinating in their ability to adapt and thrive in different environments. While soil is the most common medium for their growth, some plants have evolved to grow in water, aided by specialized adaptations such as air-filled cavities in their stems, hydroponic systems, or unique leaf shapes that help them absorb essential nutrients from the water. This adaptation to living in aquatic environments makes these plants an essential part of aquatic ecosystems, providing shelter, food and helping balance the ecological system.