Introduction
Plants are essential for life on earth as they provide oxygen and food for animals and humans. They grow in a variety of environments, including underwater, where they play an important role in the ecosystem. However, some plants cannot survive prolonged exposure to water and eventually die. This article will explore why plants die under water.
Insufficient Oxygen
Plants require oxygen for cellular respiration, which is the process that releases energy for growth and metabolism. When plants are submerged in water, the oxygen supply becomes limited, and they are unable to carry out cellular respiration. This results in a lack of energy and ultimately, death. In addition, as the plant cells use up the available oxygen, they produce carbon dioxide, which accumulates and further reduces the oxygen supply.
Buildup of Toxic Substances
When plants are submerged in water, the buildup of toxic substances can also contribute to their death. One of the main toxic substances is hydrogen sulfide, which is produced by the decomposition of organic matter in the water. This toxic gas can damage the plant's cells and interfere with their metabolic processes. In addition, other toxic substances such as ammonium, iron, and aluminum can also accumulate in the water and damage the plant.
Reduction in Light Availability
Plants require sunlight for photosynthesis, which is the process that produces energy for the plant. When plants are completely submerged in water, they receive significantly less light, and their photosynthesis rate decreases. This reduction in energy production can lead to a weakened plant and eventually, death. In addition, prolonged exposure to reduced light can cause chlorosis, which is the yellowing of the leaves due to a lack of chlorophyll, further reducing the plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis.
Conclusion
In conclusion, plants cannot survive prolonged exposure to water due to a lack of oxygen, a buildup of toxic substances, and a reduction in light availability. While some plants can survive in moist soil or in shallow water, most plants are not adapted to full submersion. Understanding the factors that contribute to plant death under water can help us better manage aquatic ecosystems and preserve plant diversity.