When should you plant tomatoes in Oklahoma?

Tomatoes are a beloved crop in Oklahoma, but knowing when to plant them can be a challenge. Planting too early can result in the untimely death of seedlings due to late-season frosts, whereas planting too late can lead to disappointing yields or being overtaken by insects and diseases. So, when is the best time to plant your tomato seeds or seedlings in Oklahoma?

Understanding Oklahoma’s climate

To determine when to plant tomatoes, it's important to consider Oklahoma’s climate. The state has a humid subtropical climate, meaning summers are hot and humid, and winters are cool and variable. Across the state, average annual temperatures range from the low 50s in the panhandle to the low 60s in the southeastern corner. Frosts can occur as early as September and as late as May, making the growing season somewhat unpredictable.

Timing is key

In Oklahoma, timing is crucial when planting tomatoes. The best time to plant tomatoes is when the threat of frost has passed; usually in late March or early April. This gives the seedlings time to grow and mature before the intense summer heat sets in. Planting in late April or early May is also a good option, but it’s important to ensure the young plants are protected from late frosts with covers or other protective devices.

Planting seeds or seedlings?

Deciding between planting seeds or seedlings is also an important consideration when planting tomatoes in Oklahoma. Seeds take longer to sprout and require good soil temperatures of around 70-80°F. For many Oklahomans, starting seeds indoors in late winter or early spring may be the best choice. This allows for transplanting once the threat of frost has passed, and seedlings have had time to establish roots. Planting seedlings directly into the soil outdoors can also work well, especially if they are purchased from a reliable source or grown with care at home.

What type of tomato to plant?

Choosing the right kind of tomato to plant is another important factor. Oklahoma’s hot summers can be challenging for some tomato varieties. Heat-resistant tomatoes, such as Celebrity, Heatmaster, Black Krim, San Marzano, or Costoluto Genovese are good options to consider. Cherry tomatoes are also a popular choice due to their small size and ability to resist the heat. Roma tomatoes and Better Boy varieties also grow well in Oklahoma gardens.

Soil preparation

Before planting, it's essential to prepare the soil for your tomato plants. Oklahoma soil can be heavy and clay-rich, which can make it difficult for roots to develop. Incorporating organic matter like compost, aged manure, or vermicompost will help aerate the soil and provide crucial nutrients. It’s important to also ensure the soil has good drainage to prevent root rot, which can lead to the untimely death of your plants.

Conclusion

Planting tomatoes in Oklahoma can be a rewarding experience, but timing and preparation are key. Late March or early April is the best time to plant, and it’s important to choose heat-resistant varieties suited for Oklahoma’s climate. Starting seeds indoors or purchasing seedlings from a reliable source are viable options. Lastly, taking care to improve soil quality and drainage is important for plant growth and overall health. Happy planting!