When to Plant Tomato Plants in Missouri

Tomatoes are a popular crop for gardeners in Missouri, as the state's warm summers provide an ideal growing environment. However, planting tomatoes at the wrong time can result in poor yields or even crop failure. So, when is the best time to plant tomato plants in Missouri? Read on to find out.

Climate Considerations

The first thing to keep in mind when determining when to plant tomato plants in Missouri is the climate. Missouri has a humid continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. In general, it's best to wait until after the last frost before planting tomatoes. This usually occurs in mid to late April in southern Missouri, and in early May in northern Missouri. Planting too early can put your tomatoes at risk of frost damage, and planting too late can result in a shorter growing season.

Soil Temperature

Another factor to consider when planting tomato plants in Missouri is soil temperature. Tomatoes require warm soil to germinate and grow properly. Ideally, the soil temperature should be at least 60 degrees Fahrenheit at the time of planting. You can use a soil thermometer to check the temperature before planting. If the soil temperature is too cool, you can warm it by covering the planting area with clear plastic a few days before planting.

Seed vs. Transplants

When deciding when to plant tomatoes in Missouri, you also need to consider whether you will be using seed or transplants. Starting your own tomato seeds indoors allows you to get a head start on the growing season. You can start tomato seeds indoors six to eight weeks before the last frost date in your area. Once the seedlings have grown to about six inches tall and have their first set of true leaves, you can transplant them into the garden. Alternatively, you can purchase tomato transplants from a nursery or garden center. These are typically ready to plant outside after the last frost date.

Variety Selection

The time you plant tomatoes in Missouri can also depend on the variety you choose. Some tomato varieties, like Early Girl and Celebrity, mature more quickly than others, and may be a better choice if you plant late in the season. Other varieties, like heirloom tomatoes, may take longer to mature and may do better if planted earlier in the season. Consider the maturation time of the variety you want to plant and choose a planting date accordingly.

Caring for Your Tomatoes

Once you have planted your tomato plants in Missouri, it is important to care for them properly. Tomatoes require consistent watering, fertilization, and pest control to thrive. Water your plants deeply once or twice a week, depending on rainfall, and fertilize them with a balanced fertilizer every four to six weeks. Keep an eye out for pests like tomato hornworms, aphids, and flea beetles, and control them with appropriate measures.

In conclusion, the best time to plant tomato plants in Missouri is after the last frost date, when the soil temperature is at least 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Starting your own seeds or purchasing transplants can affect planting time as well. Be sure to choose a variety that is appropriate for your planting time and care for your tomatoes properly to ensure a bountiful harvest.