What Type of Plants in Illinois are Water Filters?

Illinois is home to diverse plant life, some of which can be used as natural water filters. These plants can help control water pollution by capturing and breaking down pollutants before they enter our waterways. Here are some of the plants that can be used as water filters in Illinois.

1. Cattails

Cattails are common wetland plants that can be found in Illinois. These tall, slender plants with brown cylinder-shaped flowers are known for their ability to absorb pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus from water. They can also help keep the water clear by trapping sediment and organic debris. Cattails have been used as natural water filters for wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and agricultural runoff control.

2. Water Hyacinths

Water hyacinths are floating aquatic plants with shiny green leaves and purple flowers. They are native to South America but have been introduced to many parts of the world, including Illinois. Water hyacinths can be used as efficient water purifiers, as they absorb nutrients, metals, and other harmful contaminants from the water. They help reduce algae growth and improve water quality by releasing oxygen into the water.

3. Duckweed

Duckweed is a small floating plant that grows on the surface of still or slow-moving water. It is often found in ponds, lakes, and streams in Illinois. Duckweed can be used as a natural water filter, as it absorbs excess nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the water. This helps prevent the growth of harmful algae and improves water quality. Duckweed can also provide food for aquatic animals and birds.

4. Reed Canary Grass

Reed canary grass is a tall grass that grows in wetlands and along waterways in Illinois. It has long, narrow leaves and feathery flower heads. Reed canary grass has the ability to take up and store pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and herbicides. It can also help stabilize stream banks and reduce erosion. As a result, it is often used for streambank restoration and erosion control.

5. Prairie Cordgrass

Prairie cordgrass is a tall, clumping grass that can grow up to eight feet tall. It is native to Illinois and other parts of the Midwest. Prairie cordgrass has deep roots that can absorb excess nutrients and pollutants from the soil and water. It can help reduce nutrient runoff and improve water quality. Prairie cordgrass is also an important component of wetland restoration and creation projects.

Conclusion

Natural water filters are an important tool for protecting and improving water quality in Illinois. Plants such as cattails, water hyacinths, duckweed, reed canary grass, and prairie cordgrass can help absorb excess nutrients and pollutants from the water, reducing the risk of water pollution. By using natural water filters, we can help protect our waterways and ensure a safe and healthy environment for humans and wildlife alike.