What Temperature Will Kill Tomato Plants?

Tomato plants are a popular choice for gardeners and farmers alike, thanks to the delicious fruit they produce. However, extreme temperatures can severely damage or kill tomato plants. In this article, we will explore the temperature range that tomato plants can tolerate and the ways to prevent their demise in extreme weather conditions.

The Optimum Temperature Range for Tomato Plants

Tomato plants thrive in warm temperatures, and their ideal temperature for growth and fruiting is between 70-80oF (21-27oC). When temperatures exceed 85oF (29oC), tomato plants may experience sunscald, flower drop, or fruit cracking. If temperatures drop below 55oF (13oC), plants can experience chill injury, leading to stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and yellowing of fruits.

High Temperature Effects on Tomato Plants

When the temperature rises above 95oF (35oC), tomato plants start to suffer from heat stress. They cannot carry out normal physiological functions exceeding their thermal growth limits. High temperatures deplete the water supply fast, leading to wilting, leaf curling, and browning of foliage edges. High heat can also affect pollination, causing flowers to drop without setting fruit.

To prevent the heat-related destruction of tomato plants, it is essential to keep them hydrated. Water absorption and transpiration rates increase during extreme heat, making it vital to water plants frequently, ideally in the early morning or evening when the temperature is cooler. A shade cloth can also be used to protect plants from direct sunlight and provide some respite from the high temperatures.

Low Temperature Effects on Tomato Plants

Tomato plants are sensitive to cold temperatures as they cannot tolerate freezing temperatures. Temperatures below 32oF (0oC) can cause severe damage, starting from slight wilting, darkening of leaves, and ultimately, killing the entire plant. When frost occurs on tomato plants, the ice crystals damage cell membranes, and the plants become limp and mushy.

To safeguard tomato plants from cold stress, gardeners can use frost blankets or row covers. Covering plants can help trap heat, warm soil, and protect from frost damage. However, it's essential to remove the covers once temperatures warm up during the day, as excessive heat retention can cause plants to overheat and experience heat stress.

In Conclusion

In summary, tomatoes are warm-weather crops that need a specific temperature range to thrive—and extreme temperature conditions can damage or kill tomato plants. Gardeners can safeguard their tomato plants from high or low temperature stress by using shade cloths or frost blankets, providing plenty of water, and taking other measures to prevent temperature extremes.

Lastly, it's worth noting that temperature isn't the only factor influencing tomato plant growth and prosperity. Other considerations, such as soil quality, pests, and diseases, should be taken into account when aiming for a thriving tomato plant garden.