Introduction

Autumn, also known as fall, is the season of change. The leaves on the trees turn from green to a beautiful array of red, orange, and yellow hues, creating a picturesque landscape. This season also marks the shift from warm summer weather to the crisp coolness of autumn. Have you ever wondered what happens to trees and plants in autumn?

Changes in Light and Temperature

The changes in light and temperature in autumn signal to trees and plants that it’s time to prepare for the winter months ahead. As the days get shorter and the nights get longer, the amount of sunlight decreases. This reduction in sunlight triggers the trees and plants to slow down their photosynthesis process, which is the process by which they produce energy from sunlight. As the temperature drops, trees and plants also start to conserve energy by shutting down their chlorophyll production. Chlorophyll gives plants their green color and is used in photosynthesis. As the chlorophyll breaks down, other pigments are revealed, creating the stunning colors we associate with autumn.

Leaves Changing Colors

As mentioned before, the leaves on trees change color in autumn. This is due to the breakdown of chlorophyll, and the appearance of other pigments. Anthocyanins, which are responsible for red and purple colors, are produced when the temperature drops. Carotenoids, which are responsible for yellow and orange hues, are present in leaves all year round, but are usually masked by the green chlorophyll in summer. When the chlorophyll breaks down, the carotenoids get a chance to shine.

Leaf Drop

Once leaves begin to change color, you may notice that they start to drop from the trees. This process is called abscission. It happens in response to changes in the hormone levels of the tree or plant, including a decrease in auxins, which promote the growth of leaves. The tree also creates a layer of cells between the stem and the leaf, called the abscission layer, which helps the leaf to detach from the stem. The fallen leaves then decompose in the soil, providing nutrients for the tree and other plants.

Berry and Seed Production

Autumn is also the time when many trees and plants produce berries and seeds. These fruits provide a source of food for birds and animals as they prepare for winter. Some trees, such as maple and ash, produce samaras, which are winged seeds that help them travel long distances on the wind. Other plants, such as milkweed and thistle, produce seeds with feathery structures that allow them to be carried away by the wind.

Conclusion

Autumn is a time of change, and for trees and plants, it’s a time of preparation for winter. As the days get shorter and the temperature drops, trees and plants slow down their processes and conserve energy. The leaves on trees change color, then fall to the ground, providing nutrients for future growth. The production of berries and seeds provides food for animals, and the wind helps to spread them far and wide. Though the season may be fleeting, the changes it brings to the natural world are awe-inspiring.