Is Coral an Animal or Plant?

Coral is often mistaken to be a plant due to its physical appearance, but it is actually an animal. It is a member of the Phylum Cnidaria, which also includes jellyfish and sea anemones. In this article, we will dive deep into the world of coral and uncover why it is classified as an animal instead of a plant.

Coral Structure

Coral has a unique structure that sets it apart from both animals and plants. It consists of a hard skeleton made of calcium carbonate that is secreted by coral polyps. These polyps are tiny animals that belong to the class Anthozoa. They have a saclike body with a mouth surrounded by tentacles that are armed with stinging cells called nematocysts. The tentacles are used to capture small organisms like plankton and feasts on them.

Reproduction

Coral reproduction can take place both sexually and asexually. In sexual reproduction, male and female coral release sperm and eggs into the water. The fertilized eggs develop into larvae that settle on the ocean floor and start forming new colonies. In asexual reproduction, new colonies can form when a polyp separates from the parent colony and grows into a new one. Coral is one of the few animals that can engage in both sexual and asexual reproduction.

Photosynthesis

Unlike plants, coral cannot produce its own food through photosynthesis. However, coral depends on a unique relationship with an algae called zooxanthellae that provides it with nutrients. Zooxanthellae lives inside coral polyps and uses photosynthesis to create organic matter that is consumed by the coral. The coral provides a safe environment for zooxanthellae by keeping them inside its polyps and protecting them from predators.

Threats to Coral

Coral is under threat from a variety of factors, including pollution, overfishing, destructive fishing practices, and climate change. The increase in sea temperature and acidity due to global warming has caused mass bleaching events that can lead to coral death. Additionally, the increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere has caused the ocean to become more acidic, which hinders coral growth and can dissolve their skeletons.

Conclusion

In conclusion, coral is an animal and not a plant due to its unique structure and reproduction methods. Although it heavily relies on an algae called zooxanthellae for food, it cannot produce its own through photosynthesis. The threats facing coral are significant and can lead to the destruction of entire reef ecosystems. It is crucial that we take steps to protect coral and preserve these essential habitats for future generations.