Sow

Seed selection

Before sowing, the seeds should be selected. Whether the seeds are selected well is directly related to the success of sowing

It is best to choose the seeds harvested in the same year. The longer the seeds are kept, the lower the germination rate

Select seeds with full grains and no deformity or deformity

Select seeds without diseases and pests

Disinfection

Disinfection includes two concepts, one refers to the disinfection of seeds, and the other refers to the disinfection of sowing substrate. Families usually use hot water at about 60 ℃ to soak seeds for a quarter of an hour, and then use warm hot water to promote germination for 12 ~ 24 hours. The best way to disinfect the substrate used for sowing is to put it into the pot and fry it. Any diseases and pests can be scalded to death

Budding

Soak the seeds in warm hot water (the temperature is similar to that of face washing water) for 12 ~ 24 hours until the seeds absorb water and expand. For common seeds that are easy to germinate, this work can not be done

Sow

For small seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other tools, wet one end of the toothpick with water, stick the seeds on the surface of the substrate one by one, cover the substrate 1 cm thick, and then put the seeded flowerpot into water. The depth of water is 1 / 2 ~ 2 / 3 of the height of the flowerpot, and let the water slowly soak up (this method is called "pot soaking method"); For seeds with larger seeds that can be clamped by hand or other tools, directly put the seeds into the matrix and press 3 × 5 cm spacing on demand

Cover the substrate after sowing, and the covering thickness is 2 ~ 3 times that of seed grain. After seeding, sprays and pores are used to wet the sowing matrix. Later, when the soil is drier, the water must be watered. p>

Management after sowing

After sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, in case of cold wave and low temperature, the flowerpot can be wrapped with plastic film to facilitate heat preservation and moisture retention; After the seedlings are unearthed, the film should be uncovered in time, and the seedlings should be exposed to the sun before 9:30 a.m. or after 3:30 p.m. every day, otherwise the seedlings will grow very weak; After most of the seeds are ready, they need to be planted properly: pull out the diseased and unhealthy seedlings, so that there is a certain space between the left seedlings; When most seedlings grow three or more leaves, they can be transplanted

Cutting

It is often used in late spring and early autumn to cut young branches with the branches of that year, or in early spring to cut old branches with the branches of last year

Cutting matrix

It is the nutrient soil or river sand, muddy carbon soil and other materials used for cutting. Due to the limited conditions of family cutting, it is difficult to get an ideal cutting matrix. Medium coarse river sand can also be used, but it should be washed with clean water several times before use. Sea sand and river sand in saline alkali areas should not be used. They are not suitable for the growth of flowers and plants

Selection of branches

For softwood cutting, when the plant grows vigorously from late spring to early autumn, the thick branches of the current year are selected as cuttings. After cutting off the branches, select strong parts and cut them into a section 5 ~ 15 cm long, with more than 3 leaf nodes in each section. When cutting cuttings, it should be noted that the upper cut is about 1 cm above the top leaf node, the lower cut is about 0.5 cm below the bottom leaf node, and the upper and lower cut should be flat (the knife should be sharp). For hard branch cutting, after the temperature rises in early spring, select the robust branches of last year as cuttings. Each section of cuttings usually retains 3 ~ 4 nodes, and the cutting method is the same as that of Twig Cutting

Management after cutting

The optimum temperature for cuttings rooting is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, below 20 ℃, cuttings rooting is difficult and slow; When the temperature is higher than 30 ℃, the upper and lower scissors of cuttings are easily infected by bacteria and rot, and the higher the temperature, the greater the proportion of rot. In case of low temperature after cutting, the main thermal insulation measure is to wrap the flowerpot or container used for cutting with film

cutting temperature is too high, the main measures to cool down are shading, covering 50 to 80% of the sun, and spraying the cuttings 3~5 times a day. The higher the temperature is, the higher the temperature is. p>

Batten

Select strong branches and peel off the bark from about 15-30 cm below the top. The width of the peeled wound is about 1 cm and the depth is limited to just peeling off the epidermis. Cut a film 10-20 cm long and 5-8 cm wide, put some wet garden soil on it, wrap up the peeled part like a wound, tie the upper and lower ends of the film tightly and bulge in the middle. Take root after about four to six weeks. After rooting, cut off the root system along the branches and become a new plant

Potting or transplanting

When small seedlings are put into pots or large plants that have been raised for several years, first put 2-3cm thick coarse-grained matrix as the filter layer at the bottom of the basin, sprinkle a layer of fully decomposed organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, with a thickness of about 1-2cm, and then cover it with a thin layer of matrix, with a thickness of about 1-2cm

Then put in the plant to separate the fertilizer from the root system and avoid burning the root. The substrate for the upper basin can be one of the following: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3:1; Or garden soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust (Ru residue) = 4:1:2; Or one of paddy soil, pond mud and rotten leaf soil. After the basin is put on, pour water once and put it in the shade environment for maintenance for a week

When transplanting seedlings, first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer), with a thickness of about 4 ~ 6cm, then cover it with a layer of soil and put it into the seedlings, so as to separate the fertilizer from the root system and avoid root burning. After putting the seedlings, backfill the soil, cover the root system, step on the soil with your feet, and pour water once

Precautions

Pot preparation

choose an appropriate size flower pot. The bottom hole of the basin is covered with two tiles or thin foam sheets. It is necessary to ensure that the basin is not washed out by water, and that extra water can flow out in time. Tiles or foam will be placed on a layer of ceramsite or broken red brick, as a filter layer, about 2-3 centimeters thick. There is fertilizer machine fertilizer on the drainage layer, about 1-3cm thick, and a thin layer of substrate on the fertilizer, about 2cm thick, to separate the root system from the fertilizer. Finally, put the plants in and fill with nutrient soil, leaving about 2-3cm from the basin mouth

Humidity

Like humid or semi dry climate environment, the relative air temperature of the growth environment is required to be 50 ~ 70%. When the relative air humidity is too low, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off, and the upper leaves are dull

Temperature

Because it is native to subtropical areas, it has strict requirements on the temperature in winter. When the ambient temperature is below 8 ℃, it stops growing

Illumination

Strong adaptability to light. For indoor maintenance, try to put it in a place with bright light, such as living room, bedroom, study and other places with good daylighting. After indoor maintenance for a period of time (about a month), it should be moved to an outdoor place with shade (with thermal insulation conditions in winter) for maintenance for a period of time (about a month) and replaced alternately

Fertilizer and water

For potted plants, in addition to adding organic fertilizer in the pot, proper fertilizer and water management should be carried out in the usual maintenance process. The three seasons of spring, summer and autumn are its peak growth seasons. The fertilizer and water management cycles according to the sequence of "fertilizer and water" - clear water - "fertilizer and water" - clear water, with an interval of about 1-4 days. The interval is shorter in sunny days or high temperature, and longer or no irrigation in rainy days or low temperature

In winter dormancy period, it is mainly to control fertilizer and water. Fertilizer and water management shall be circulated in the order of "fertilizer and water" - clear water - "fertilizer water" - clear water - clear water, with an interval of about 3 ~ 7 days. The interval between sunny days or high temperature periods shall be shorter, and the interval between cloudy and rainy days or low temperature periods shall be longer or no watering

Pruning

In winter, when the plant enters the dormant or semi dormant period, the branches such as thin, diseases and insect pests, dead and too dense should be cut off. The branches can also be arranged in combination with cutting

Change Basin

As long as it is properly maintained, it will grow very fast. When it grows to a certain size, it is necessary to consider changing it into a larger basin to allow it to continue to grow vigorously. The culture soil and component ratio for basin change can be one of the following: vegetable garden soil: slag = 3:1; Or garden soil: medium coarse river sand: sawdust (Ru residue) = 4:1:2; Or one of paddy soil, pond mud and rotten leaf soil