16 nutrient elements needed for flower growth

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (obtained in air and water)

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium

Iron, boron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, chlorine

Fertilizer type

Organic fertilizer

Fertilizer formed after processing, fermentation and ripening of animal and plant residues or excreta. Organic fertilizer contains complete nutrient elements required by flowers. After being applied to the soil, the nutrients are gradually decomposed. Although the effect is slow, the fertilizer effect is long. It can also improve the soil, promote the development of root system and the activities of beneficial bacteria in the soil

Commonly used organic fertilizers include livestock manure, fish meal, bone meal, plant ash, various Cake Fertilizers and sesame oil residue

Inorganic fertilizer (chemical fertilizer)

Fertilizer made by chemical method or natural mineral processing. The utility model has the advantages of high nutrient content, quick effect, convenient use, cleanness and sanitation, but the nutrient composition is single, and the long-term use is easy to harden the soil

Commonly used are: urea, ammonium sulfate, nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, etc. And a compound fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after processing and compounding

Preparation of family flower organic

Courtyard composting

Use the shady corner of the courtyard and control the pit to accumulate and retch the leftover vegetable stems and leaves, bean shells, claw peel, herbal residue, egg shells, shrimp and crab shells, poultry feathers, fish scales, fish viscera, weeds and fallen leaves. In order to prevent the overflow of odor, it can be covered with mud or plastic film

Family bottle making

Using small mouth waste plastic bottles such as Coke bottles and blending oil bottles as containers, inject the lower feet of animals such as fish scales, fish dirt, eel and shrimp shells, and make high-quality liquid quick acting fertilizer through fermentation and decomposition. It can also be soaked and retted with bad soybeans

Precautions for preparation of bottle organic fertilizer

① The injection amount of fish feet is about 1 / 2 ~ 2 / 3 of the bottle capacity. And add water close to the bottle mouth (a certain gap needs to be left)

② In order to reduce the odor of fertilizer fermentation, a part of orange degree can be input at the same time. Generally, a 2.5-liter blending oil bottle can put 3 ~ 4 orange peel. Orange peel can be torn or cut into pieces and put down. Fresh orange peel or air dried old orange peel can be used

③ After preparation, the bottle cap must be backed up by 2 ~ 3 teeth after tightening to leave air gap, otherwise it is easy to rush out of the bottle cap due to fermentation in the bottle and gas expansion, resulting in the unbearable consequence of odor overflow

④ Bottle organic fertilizer needs 4 ~ 5 months to ferment in summer. Generally, it is decomposed for about a year, and its solution can be diluted with water to water the flowers

Utilization of broad bean shell

Green silkworm pods are rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which are easy to collect in cities, clean and hygienic. During preparation, the pods can be exposed to the sun and dried, crushed and stored for standby. When making potted culture soil, they can be mixed and used, or they can be used as base fertilizer when turning pots and planting potted flowers

Rational fertilization

Base fertilizer, top dressing and foliar fertilization

Base fertilizer

It mainly uses organic fertilizer with slow decomposition and long fertilizer efficiency. For the application of flowers in the whole year growth period. For garden flower cultivation, in winter or early spring, ditches or holes shall be opened around the main planting flowers and trees for deep burial, or it shall be applied at the same time when the soil is ploughed before planting. Potted flowers are used for mixing in the preparation of culture soil, or applied to the bottom of the flowerpot before planting. The commonly used base fertilizers include compost made by retting animal and plant residues, dry manure of livestock and poultry, rotten cake fertilizer debris, etc. The oil residue of sesame oil can be used in cities, which has better fertilizer effect. Fried or boiled soybeans can also be used to inject into the middle and lower layers of potted flowers as supplementary base fertilizer

Topdressing

The inorganic fertilizer that has quick application effect and can be quickly absorbed and utilized by flowers, or the leaching solution after fermentation of organic fertilizer, shall be added when needed at each stage of flower growth and development. Commonly used are urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc

Foliar fertilization

It is also called topdressing outside the root. After dissolving the water with chemical fertilizer, spray the plant to make the nutrients penetrate into the plant at the back of the leaf. It has the characteristics of convenient operation and quick effect. Attention should be paid during application: the concentration of chemical fertilizer should be controlled at 0.1 - 0.2%, and excessive concentration will cause damage to plants; For the flowers planted on the balcony and in the open air, the fertilizer spraying time should be in the evening, so as to prevent the fertilizer damage caused by increasing the fertilizer concentration after fertilization. The spraying position should pay attention to the leaf back

Principles and methods of fertilization

Suitable flower

More nitrogen fertilizer for foliage plants, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer for fruit and flower plants

Timely

Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly used when branching and leaves, flower bud differentiation, flower bud formation, before flowering, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly used

Adaptation - "four more, four less and four no"

Apply more yellow and thin, before germination, before pregnancy and after flowering

Apply less fertilizer for fattening, germination, flowering and rainy season

No new planting, no overgrowth, no sickness, no midsummer

Right amount

7-8 parts of water and 2-3 parts of fertilizer are used for organic fertilizer, and 0.1-0.3% concentration is used for chemical fertilizer

Qin Shi

The growth period is once every 7-10 days

Three taboos of fertilization

Avoid concentrated fertilizer, which causes cell fluid extravasation and death

Avoid heat and fertilizer. The soil temperature is high at noon in summer, and topdressing hurts the root

Avoid sitting on fertilizer. After applying base fertilizer to the bottom of potted flowers, cover a layer of thin soil first

When planting flowers, avoid the root system to sit directly on the fertilizer< span>