How is Water Transported in Plants KS2

Introduction:

Plants require water to survive and perform various physiological functions. But how does water travel from the soil to the various parts of a plant? In this article, we will explore the mechanism of water transportation in plants and discuss the important structures and processes involved.

Routes of Water Transport:

Water enters the plant through the roots, which have tiny hair-like structures called root hairs. These structures increase the surface area for water absorption. Once absorbed, the water travels through the root cortex and enters the xylem vessels. The xylem vessels are specialized structures that transport water from the roots to the leaves and other parts of the plant.

Xylem Vessels:

The xylem vessels are long hollow tubes made up of dead cells that are stacked end to end. The walls of the cells are thickened with lignin, which provides strength and support to the vessel. The lignin also makes the vessel impermeable to water, forcing the water to travel upwards through the vessel.

Transpiration:

Transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves. As water is lost through the leaves, a negative pressure is created in the xylem vessels, pulling water from the roots towards the leaves. This negative pressure is produced by the cohesion and adhesion of water molecules. Cohesion is the tendency of water molecules to stick together, while adhesion is the tendency of water molecules to stick to other surfaces.

Stomata:

Stomata are tiny openings on the underside of leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss in plants. Each stoma consists of two specialized cells called guard cells that can open and close the opening. When the stomata are open, water vapor can escape through them, and carbon dioxide can enter the leaf for photosynthesis.

Conclusion:

The process of water transportation is essential for the survival and growth of plants. It involves the absorption of water by the roots, its uptake by the xylem vessels, and its eventual loss through transpiration. The presence of specialized structures such as root hairs, xylem vessels, and stomata is critical for efficient water transport in plants.