How is Water Purified in Water Treatment Plant?

Water is essential to human life, but not all water sources are safe for drinking. In most areas, water treatment plants are responsible for purifying the water supply to ensure that it is safe for humans and the environment. This article will discuss how water is purified in a water treatment plant.

Coagulation and Flocculation

The first step in water treatment is coagulation and flocculation. During this process, chemicals, such as alum and ferric chloride, are added to the water to cause suspended particles and impurities to clump together. Once the particles have clumped together, they form larger particles known as flocs.

Sedimentation

The next step in water treatment is sedimentation, which involves the settling of flocs to the bottom of the treatment tank. This process can take several hours or even days, depending on the size and speed of the tank. After sedimentation, gravity helps to separate the flocs from the clear water.

Filtration

The third step in water treatment is filtration. During this process, the water passes through various filters that remove any remaining impurities, such as sand, gravel, and charcoal. These filters can be made from a variety of materials including sand, crushed anthracite, and activated carbon. The size and composition of the filters can vary depending on the specific contaminants that need to be removed.

Disinfection

The final step in water treatment is disinfection. This process involves the destruction of any remaining harmful organisms, such as bacteria and viruses, that might be present in the water. The most common disinfectants used in water treatment are chlorine and ozone. Chlorine is added to the water to kill bacteria and other organic matter. Ozone kills bacteria and viruses by disrupting their cell walls.

Conclusion

In conclusion, water treatment plants play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and health of the public. The process of water purification involves several steps, including coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. These processes work together to remove impurities and contaminants from the water supply, making it safe for us to drink and use every day.