How do Plants Absorb Water Class 11 Notes

As we study biology, we come across several topics, which may seem complicated at first, but are actually quite simple. One such topic is how plants absorb water. In this article, we will discuss the various ways in which plants absorb water, along with the importance of this process for their survival.

Root System

The root system of a plant plays a crucial role in the absorption of water. The roots have tiny hair-like structures known as root hairs. These root hairs increase the surface area of the roots, allowing them to absorb more water from the soil. The process of water absorption through the roots is called 'root pressure.' The root pressure is low, and it cannot pull the water from the soil into the plant's stem. However, the water continues to move upwards due to a phenomenon called capillary action. Capillary action is the tendency of liquids to rise in narrow tubes due to adhesion, cohesion, and surface tension.

Turgor Pressure

Another method of water absorption in plants is through turgor pressure. Turgor pressure is the internal pressure exerted by the cell wall and cell contents against their outer membrane. When a plant cell absorbs water, it swells and exerts pressure against the cell wall. This pressure is known as turgor pressure. Turgor pressure helps the plant to maintain its shape and stand upright. The plant also uses turgor pressure to push water and nutrients upwards from the roots to the leaves.

Transpiration Pull

The most significant factor in the movement of water from the roots to the leaves of a plant is transpiration pull. Transpiration occurs when water is lost from the leaves of a plant through tiny openings known as stomata. As the water evaporates from the leaves, it creates a suction force that pulls more water from the roots to the leaves. The upward movement of water due to transpiration pull is known as the transpiration stream.

Importance of Water Absorption in Plants

Plants need water to carry out several essential functions, including photosynthesis, transpiration, and support. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Water is needed to carry out this process. Similarly, transpiration is the process by which plants lose water vapor through the stomata. This process helps in the exchange of gases and the regulation of temperature. Water absorption is also vital for maintaining the plant's structure and providing support. Lastly, water is required to transport minerals and other nutrients from the soil to the plant cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, water absorption is an essential process for the survival of plants. Various methods, such as root pressure, turgor pressure, and transpiration pull, are used by plants to absorb water. Water helps plants to carry out several essential functions, including photosynthesis, transpiration, and support. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that plants get enough water to stay healthy and grow properly.