Introduction

Commercial apple growers have developed various methods of planting apple trees that maximize productivity and profitability. The process of planting apple trees involves choosing the right site, preparing the soil, selecting the appropriate cultivar and rootstock, and proper planting techniques. In this article, we will detail step-by-step how commercial growers plant apple trees.

Site selection

The first and most crucial step in planting apple trees is site selection. Commercial growers look for areas with good internal and external drainage, adequate sunlight, and a frost-free period long enough to allow for proper fruit set. Typically, apple trees do well in sites with well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Growers also consider the topography of the site, picking areas with gentle slopes that allow for proper air circulation and avoid frost pockets.

Soil preparation

After selecting a suitable site, the soil must be prepared. The soil is worked to a depth of around 12 inches to ensure that the roots have enough depth to grow. Organic material such as compost or manure is mixed into the soil to help with water retention and provide essential nutrients. Commercial growers ensure that the soil has all the necessary nutrients by conducting soil tests.

Cultivar and rootstock selection

Choosing an appropriate cultivar and rootstock is also essential in the success of apple tree planting. Commercial growers usually choose disease-resistant varieties, English and French rootstock such as M9, M26, G30, and B9. The choice of rootstock affects the growth rate, size, and yield of the apple tree.

Planting techniques

After the soil is adequately prepared, the next step is planting the apple trees. Commercial growers plant the apple trees in rows, typically 18 feet apart, with a spacing of 12-14 feet between trees. The planting holes are dug deep and wide enough to accommodate the roots. The planting hole should be deep enough to maintain the vertical position of the root system, with the graft union above the surface. After planting, the soil is firmly packed around the roots, and the tree is watered to settle the soil.

Post-planting care

Once the apple trees are planted, it is crucial to take care of them to ensure successful growth. Commercial growers regularly prune the trees to ensure proper growth and shape. Apple trees need regular fertilization, watering and pest control. Apple trees cannot tolerate competition from other plants or grass, so commercial growers take great care to keep the area around them free of weeds and other plants.

Conclusion

In conclusion, planting apple trees requires careful consideration of site selection, soil preparation, cultivar and rootstock selection, planting techniques, and post-planting care. Commercial growers use these methods to maximize productivity and profitability, ensuring the best possible quality of apples for consumers. Through proper planting, care, and maintenance practices, apple growing can be a profitable and sustainable business.