How Plants May Be Injured by Water Stress

Water is essential for the growth and survival of plants. In fact, water makes up about 80-90% of the volume of most plant tissues. However, when plants are subjected to water stress, which can include both drought and flooding, it can cause a range of negative effects on plant growth and development.

Stunted Growth and Reduced Yield

Water stress can lead to stunted growth and reduced yield in plants. This is because water is necessary for the uptake and transport of essential nutrients and minerals required for healthy plant growth. When plants are water-stressed, the roots cannot absorb enough water to support normal growth and development. Additionally, the lack of water can cause plant leaves to wilt and die back, reducing the overall health and vigor of the plant.

Increased Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases

Plants that are suffering from water stress are more susceptible to pests and diseases. This is because water stress weakens the plant's immune system and makes it more vulnerable to attack. Additionally, water-stressed plants may produce fewer defensive compounds, such as phenolic acids and terpenoids, which can make them more appealing to pests and less able to fend off pathogens.

Changes in Photosynthesis and Respiration

Water stress can also affect a plant's ability to carry out photosynthesis and respiration. During photosynthesis, plant leaves convert sunlight into energy, while respiration is the process in which plants use energy to support growth and development. When plants experience water stress, they often close their stomata, which are tiny pores in the leaves that allow for gas exchange. This can cause a buildup of carbon dioxide within the plant tissue, which can negatively impact photosynthesis and respiration.

Cellular Damage and Death

Water stress can cause cell damage and death in plants. This is because water is necessary for maintaining the structural integrity of plant cells. When plants are water-stressed, their cells can become dehydrated and damaged. This can lead to a range of negative effects on plant growth and development, including leaf chlorosis, necrosis, and cell death.

Conclusion

Overall, water stress can have a range of negative effects on plant growth and development. Stunted growth, reduced yield, increased susceptibility to pests and diseases, changes in photosynthesis and respiration, and cellular damage and death are just a few of the ways in which plants may be injured by water stress. As such, it is important for plant growers to carefully monitor their plants' water needs and take appropriate actions to mitigate the effects of water stress.