How to Plant Belgian Espalier Apple Trees

Belgian Espalier Apple Trees, also known as the Belmac or Malus domestica 'Belmac', are a popular choice for growing apple trees in small spaces. They are trained to grow in a horizontal pattern against a wall, fence, or trellis to maximize growing space and fruit production. Here are the steps to planting Belgian Espalier Apple Trees:

Choose a Suitable Location

Select a location that receives full sunlight for at least six hours a day. Espalier apple trees require consistent, direct sunlight to produce quality fruit. The soil should be well-drained, fertile, and free from weeds and debris. If possible, choose a location that is sheltered from strong winds, as this can damage the tree.

Prepare the Soil

Dig a planting hole that is twice the size of the tree's root ball. Mix the soil with compost, peat moss, or well-rotted manure to improve drainage and add nutrients to the soil. Add a slow-release fertilizer to the soil mixture to help the tree establish roots quickly.

Plant the Tree

Remove the Belgian Espalier Apple Tree from its container and gently loosen the roots. Set the root ball into the planting hole, ensuring that the top of the root ball is level with the ground. Fill the hole with the soil mixture, tamping it gently to remove air pockets. Water the tree thoroughly.

Support the Tree

Belgian Espalier Apple Trees need support to grow in a horizontal pattern. Install a sturdy trellis or fence behind the tree, securing the branches to the support system with ties or clips. Keep the ties or clips loose enough to allow enough room for growth but tight enough to keep the tree in place.

Prune the Tree

Prune the tree during the first two seasons to shape it into the desired espalier pattern. Remove any branches that are crossing, dead, or diseased. Keep the main stem and branches growing in a horizontal plane against the trellis or fence. Trim back new growth to promote fruit production and increase air circulation around the tree.

Water and Fertilize Regularly

Water the Belgian Espalier Apple Tree regularly, ensuring that the soil stays moist but not waterlogged. Water deeply once a week during the growing season and reduce watering during the winter months. Fertilize the tree in the spring with a balanced fertilizer, following the manufacturer's instructions.

Protect from Pests and Diseases

Keep an eye out for pests and diseases that can affect the Belgian Espalier Apple Tree. Aphids, mites, and apple maggots can cause damage to the fruit and leaves, while fire blight and apple scab can kill the tree. Use organic pest control methods or consult with a professional to manage these issues.

Harvest and Enjoy

Harvest the fruit when it is fully ripe and enjoy the delicious, sweet taste of Belgian Espalier Apples. With proper care and maintenance, your tree can produce bountiful crops for years to come.

Planting a Belgian Espalier Apple Tree is a rewarding and enjoyable project for any gardener. Follow these steps to establish a healthy, fruitful tree that will provide you with fresh, delicious apples for years to come.