How to Plant a Monkey Puzzle Tree

The monkey puzzle tree, also known as the Chilean pine or the Araucaria araucana, is a tall and striking evergreen tree native to South America. Its unique appearance, with branches covered in spiky leaves, makes it a popular choice for landscaping and ornamental purposes. Planting a monkey puzzle tree requires some preparation, but can be a rewarding experience. Here are the steps to follow:

Step 1: Choose the Right Location

Monkey puzzle trees thrive in moist, well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. They need ample space to grow, as they can reach a height of up to 100 feet (30 meters) and a width of up to 40 feet (12 meters). Choose a location that is sheltered from strong winds and has enough space for the tree to mature without interfering with nearby structures or plants.

Step 2: Prepare the Soil

Before planting, prepare the soil by adding compost or organic matter to improve its structure and fertility. Monkey puzzle trees do not tolerate heavy clay soils, so if your soil is heavy and poorly drained, consider adding sand or grit to improve drainage. Also, make sure that the soil pH is between 5.5 and 6.5, as these trees do best in slightly acidic to neutral soil.

Step 3: Plant the Tree

Plant the monkey puzzle tree in early spring or fall, when the soil is moist but not waterlogged. Dig a hole that is twice as wide and deep as the tree's root ball. Place the tree in the hole and backfill with the soil, making sure that the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Water thoroughly after planting to settle the soil and eliminate air pockets.

Step 4: Mulch and Water

Spread a layer of organic mulch, such as bark chips or leaf litter, around the base of the tree to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Keep the mulch at least 3 inches (7.5 cm) away from the trunk to prevent rot. Water the tree deeply and regularly, especially during its first year of growth, to establish its root system. Monitor the soil moisture levels to avoid overwatering or underwatering, which can stress the tree.

Step 5: Prune and Maintain

Prune the monkey puzzle tree lightly in late winter or early spring, removing any dead or damaged branches and shaping the tree to maintain its form. Avoid heavy pruning that can stress the tree and reduce its vigor. Monkey puzzle trees are generally low-maintenance, but may be susceptible to some pests and diseases, such as aphids, scale insects, and root rot. Monitor the tree's health and address any issues promptly.

With proper care, a monkey puzzle tree can be a stunning addition to your landscape. Follow these steps to plant and maintain this unique and impressive tree.