How to Plant Root Stock Fruit Trees

Planting root stock fruit trees is a great way to start a new orchard or to replace a fruit tree that has died. Root stock trees are grown from the roots of other fruit trees because they are strong and disease-resistant. In order to successfully plant root stock fruit trees, follow these steps:

Step 1: Choose the Right Location

The first step in planting root stock fruit trees is to choose the right location. It is best to choose a location that is well-drained and receives at least six hours of sunlight each day. The soil should be rich and fertile, and should have a pH level between 6.0 and 7.0. If the soil is not rich, you can amend it with compost or organic matter. Be sure to choose a location that is sheltered from strong winds.

Step 2: Prepare the Soil

Prepare the soil by digging a hole that is deep and wide enough to accommodate the root ball of the tree. Once the hole is dug, mix in some compost or organic matter to improve the soil's fertility. If the soil is clay or compacted, you may need to loosen it with a garden fork or tiller. Be sure to break up any clumps or large chunks of soil.

Step 3: Plant the Tree

Before planting the tree, soak the roots in a bucket of water for at least an hour. Once the roots have soaked, remove the tree from the bucket and gently loosen any tangled roots. Place the tree in the hole, making sure that the graft union (the place where the root stock and scion are joined) is at least two inches above the soil line. Fill in the hole, lightly packing the soil around the roots to eliminate any air pockets. Water the tree thoroughly.

Step 4: Staking and Pruning

In order to prevent the tree from leaning, it is important to stake the tree. Drive a wooden stake into the ground next to the tree and tie the tree to the stake with a soft material like cloth or twine. Be sure to use a loose knot so that the tree isn't damaged. Prune the tree by cutting back any damaged, broken or diseased branches. Also, prune any branches that cross each other or grow too close together. This will help the tree develop a strong structure.

Step 5: Water and Fertilize

After planting the tree, water it regularly to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Give the tree about one inch of water per week, more if it is hot and dry. Fertilize the tree with a balanced fertilizer in the spring and again in the fall. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions for application rates.

Step 6: Mulch

Mulching around the base of the tree will help to retain moisture in the soil and prevent weeds from growing. Apply a layer of organic mulch like bark chips or shredded leaves around the base of the tree, but keep it at least a few inches away from the trunk to prevent rot.

By following these steps, you can successfully plant and grow root stock fruit trees in your garden or orchard. Remember to choose the right location, prepare the soil, plant the tree properly, stake and prune it, water and fertilize it, and mulch around the base of the tree. With patience and care, your root stock fruit tree will produce abundant and delicious fruit for years to come.