What is a Tree of Heaven Plant?

The Tree of Heaven plant, also known as the Ailanthus altissima, is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 80 feet tall. Originally from China and Taiwan, this tree is now found worldwide, including in the United States where it is considered an invasive species. It has a unique growth form that distinguishes it from other trees, with a smooth bark and long pinnate leaves that can reach up to three feet in length.

The Characteristics of a Tree of Heaven Plant

Tree of Heaven plants are fast-growing and can tolerate a wide range of soil types and conditions. They can thrive in urban environments and are often found in abandoned lots, along highways, and in other areas with poor soil quality. The tree has a strong root system that can break through pavement and damage infrastructure if planted too close to buildings and roadways.

The fruit of the Tree of Heaven is also unique, with clusters of green-winged samaras that resemble those of maple trees, but with a much stronger odor. The seeds can be spread easily by wind and water, making this plant highly invasive and difficult to control once it becomes established in a new area.

The Benefits of a Tree of Heaven Plant

While the Tree of Heaven is considered an invasive species in many parts of the world, it does have some benefits. The leaves and bark of the tree have been used for traditional medicine in China and other parts of Asia, and the tree is also known for its ability to tolerate pollution and improve air quality in urban areas.

Additionally, the Tree of Heaven can provide shade and shelter for wildlife, and its long taproot can help prevent soil erosion. The tree also has a unique and interesting appearance, making it a popular ornamental tree in some parts of the world.

The Negative Effects of a Tree of Heaven Plant

Despite its benefits, the Tree of Heaven is often considered a nuisance plant due to its invasive nature. It can quickly become dominant in an ecosystem, outcompeting native plants and reducing biodiversity. The tree's root system can also block drainage and cause damage to infrastructure, and its strong odor can be unpleasant for people living nearby.

The Tree of Heaven is also susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including the Tree of Heaven moth and various fungal infections. This can weaken the tree, making it more susceptible to breaking and causing damage during storms.

Controlling Tree of Heaven Plants

Controlling the spread of Tree of Heaven plants can be challenging, but there are several methods that can be effective. Physical removal, such as cutting and digging up the entire root system, can be effective but may not be practical for large or established trees.

Chemical control methods, including the use of herbicides, can also be effective but should be used with caution due to the potential risks to other plants and wildlife. It is important to carefully follow all instructions and safety precautions when using herbicides or other chemical treatments.

Conclusion

The Tree of Heaven plant is a versatile and adaptable species that can provide benefits such as shade and air quality improvement, but can also be highly invasive and detrimental to ecosystems. Careful management and control of this species is necessary to prevent its spread and protect native plant and wildlife populations.